By era
Modern, 1963
4 entries
Concept
Internal and External Validity
Two questions every study faces: can we trust its causal claim on its own terms, and does that claim hold outside the study?
7 min
ConceptThe Civic Culture
Stable democracy rests less on formal institutions than on a particular mix of citizen attitudes: engaged but deferential, participant but trusting.
9 min
Thought experimentThe Gettier Problem
A short 1963 paper showed that a belief can be true, and justified, and still not count as knowledge, breaking a definition that had stood since Plato.
9 min
Mental modelThe Impossible Trinity
A country can have a fixed exchange rate, free capital movement, and independent monetary policy, but only two of the three at once.
8 min